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viernes, 22 de mayo de 2015
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
Turkey’s education system is composed of two parts; formal education and
mass education. Preschool, elementary education, secondary education, and
higher education form the basis of formal education. Mass education on the
other hand is separated from the formal education and includes national
education centers, apprentice training centers, open universities, and county
colleges.
From the age of six to the age of fourteen every Turkish citizen is
obliged to attend school. The duration of compulsory education was expanded
from five to eight years in 1997. The education curriculum comprises five years
of primary education, three years of junior high school (still considered
primary education in the Turkish system), four years of high school (secondary
education), which might last one year longer if the school has a preparation
class, and four years of university. After finishing five years in primary
school, a primary school diploma is awarded and the junior high school diploma
is awarded at the end of the three-year junior high school education.
Everyone in Turkey has the right to education which is free of charge for the compulsory primary education.
Formal education is the regular education of individuals in a certain age group and given in schools.
This includes Pre-Primary education, Primary education, Secondary education and Higher education institutions.
Non-formal education in Turkey is offered by a network of training centers who are supervised by the Ministry of National Education (MEB). Non-formal education services aim to teach reading-writing, help to continue education of students for finish their incomplete education, teach balanced nutrition and a healthy life style, teach people from various professions the knowledge and skills they need to improve themselves, and so on.
Education in the future:
Mr.
Erdogan backed a proposal by Turkey´s National Education Council to make Ottoman
Turkish mandatory in religious high schools, and available as an elective in
secular high schools. Flouting earlier rulings by the European Court of Human
Rights, the council also proposed that religious education be compulsory from
age six. The president's response to sharp criticism of these initiatives from
Turkish politicians and civil groups was characteristic: The changes would take
place "Whether they like it or not", Mr. Erdogan said.
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JOBS
JOBS
Turkey´s Labor Code defines the work week as 45 hours. Major companies
are open from 8:30-17:00, Monday through Friday, though this often changes
depending on the job.
Turkey´s Labor
Code defines the work week as 45 hours. Major companies are open from
8:30-17:00, Monday through Friday, though this often changes depending on the
job.
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In spite of the
law, there is no standard work week in Turkey. While corporate employees may
indeed work 45 hours a week with little overtime, foreigners working in the
tourism industry (especially in the bar and restaurant sector) may find
themselves assigned much longer hours.
You may be
surprised to see children working in service and even industrial industries.
Turkish workers are eligible for full-time employment at the age of 15, and
widespread poverty means that many of them take full advantage of it. Children
as young as 13 are eligible for part-time employment so long as
it is not hard physical labor and they are attending school. Even still,
illegal child labor is not uncommon in Turkey, especially among poor and rural
families.
INFRASTRUCTURE
INFRASTRUCTURE
Turkey has undergone a profound
economic transformation over the last decade and its economic fundamentals are
quite solid. It is the 17th largest economy in the world and the 6th largest
economy in Europe.
Turkey’s emerging economy presents a
need for infrastructure investments in various industries. The main industries
include, but are not limited to, construction, residential and non-residential
buildings, transportation and energy.
Regarding the infrastructure sector,
the government allocated USD 26 billion in 2013. 30 percent of this budget is
for the transportation sector, followed by education, energy, healthcare, and agriculture.
New plans and targets also continue for urban renewal projects.
Since the enactment of the Urban Transformation Law No. 6306, the Turkish
government has decided to retrofit and renovate buildings that are prone to
destruction during natural disasters, which includes 6.5 million residences,
with a budget of USD 400 billion.
Total investments: $6,918 million
Overall rank: 9 (28 countries spending most on road infrastructure)
Turkey, one of the fastest growing economies in the world, is investing a lot of money into infrastructure as its economy witnesses a boom.
Image: A view of Istanbul's financial district, Turkey.
Photographs: Murad Sezer/Reuters
Photographs: Murad Sezer/Reuters
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